Pathophysiological Effects of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Encephalitides.

The heterogeneity of autoantibody targets in autoimmune encephalitides presents a challenge for understanding cellular and humoral pathophysiology, and the development of new treatment strategies. Thus, current treatment aims at autoantibody removal and immunosuppression, and is primarily based on data generated from other autoimmune neurological diseases and expert consensus. There are many subtypes of autoimmune encephalitides, which now entails both diseases with autoantibodies targeting extracellular antigens and classical paraneoplastic syndromes with autoantibodies targeting intracellular antigens.

Tick-borne encephalitis as a trigger for anti-N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis.

Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is endemic to an increasing number of countries and is a common cause of meningoencephalitis in Europe and Asia making any potential complications of the disease increasingly relevant to clinicians. We present, what is to our knowledge, the second reported case of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis following Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) in a 47-year-old Lithuanian man. The case provides further evidence of TBE being a possible trigger of NMDAR encephalitis and highlights the importance of being aware of symptoms of autoimmune encephalitis in patients with infectious encephalitis.

A longitudinal follow-up of continuous laryngoscopy during exercise test scores in athletes irrespective of laryngeal obstruction, respiratory symptoms, and intervention.

Background: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is diagnosed by the continuous laryngoscopy during exercise (CLE) test. Whether or how much CLE test scores vary over time is unknown. This study aimed to compare CLE test scores in athletes over time, irrespective of respiratory symptoms and grade of laryngeal obstruction.

Gas phase models of hydride transfer from divalent alkaline earth metals to CO and CHO.

The reactivity of HMg, HMgCl, and HMgCl in hydride transfer reactions with CO and CHO were studied by means of the reverse reactions-decarboxylation of HCOMgCl and deformylation of CHOMgCl ( = 0-2)-by a combination of quantum chemical computations and mass spectrometry experiments. HCOMg, HCOMgCl and HCOMgCl display similar energetics for unimolecular carbon dioxide loss; for CHOMg, CHOMgCl and CHOMgCl, formaldehyde loss is more favourable for the cationic species than for the anionic one, with the neutral species found in-between. Despite very similar overall thermochemistry for each of the charge states of the CO and CHO systems, the intermediate reaction barriers are higher for the CO eliminations due to a more complex and demanding reaction mechanism.

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Diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) requires an understanding of the clinical, immunologic and oncologic heterogeneity. The 2004 PNS criteria were partially outdated due to advances in the field, and updated consensus criteria for PNS have been proposed in 2021, including the PNS-Care score for assessment of PNS probability. Furthermore, knowledge on the limitations of autoantibody testing is crucial to ensure accurate interpretation.