Neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of ginsenosides Rb(1) and Rg(1).

The ginsenosides have many pharmacological actions, including various actions on the nervous system. Our previous studies have demonstrated that two ginsenosides, Rb(1) and Rg(1) improve performance in a passive avoidance-learning paradigm and enhance cholinergic metabolism. The present study was designed to examine the cellular neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions of two pure ginsenosides in two model systems.

The recognition of the anatomical artists in the works of Vesalius, Albinus, and Hunter.

Medical illustrators offer a unique and valuable contribution to scientific, medical, and health publications. However, they are not always properly acknowledged. This issue existed in the 16th century when Andreas Vesalius produced his revolutionary atlas the Fabrica and failed to recognize his artistic colleagues.