Detection of fumarate-glutathione adducts in the portal vein blood of rats: evidence for rapid dimethylfumarate metabolism.

Dimethylfumarate (DMF), the essential ingredient of the drug product Fumaderm®, is used to treat psoriasis with a recognized favorable long-term safety profile. Interestingly, the mode of action and the pharmacokinetics of DMF in psoriasis or multiple sclerosis are not fully explored. It is known that DMF as an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester forms an adduct with the antioxidant glutathione in vitro via a Michael-type addition within a very short period of time.

Triptolide in the treatment of psoriasis and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Apart from cancer chronic (auto)immune-mediated diseases are a major threat for patients and a challenge for physicians. These conditions include classic autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis and also immune-mediated inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Traditional therapies for these conditions include unspecific immunosuppressants including steroids and cyclophosphamide, more specific compounds such as ciclosporin or other drugs which are thought to act as immunomodulators (fumarates and intravenous immunoglobulins).

Leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 - mediators of comorbidities in patients with psoriasis?

White adipose tissue is known to be involved in numerous physiological processes such as insulin-mediated functions, lipid and glucose metabolism, vascular changes and coagulation. These processes are mainly mediated by adipokines that are secreted either from adipocytes or cells of the stromal-vascular fraction of adipose tissue. In obesity, a shift in the production of adipokines can mediate the development of associated diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, and vascular complications, such as artherosclerosis, myocardial infarction or stroke, which are known comorbidities of psoriasis too.