The orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a1 contributes to interstitial cardiac fibrosis via modulation of cardiac fibroblast and macrophage phenotype.

The orphan nuclear receptor Nr4a1 has complex biological functions and has been implicated in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular disease. While protective in atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia, Nr4a1 has been shown to cause cardiac fibrosis in non-ischemic adverse remodeling of the heart. However, mechanisms underlying these actions are still poorly understood.

Evaluating the prognostic potential of circulating cell-free DNA in advanced thyroid cancer.

Liquid biopsies are a minimally invasive approach to obtain biomarkers including cell free DNA (cfDNA) from peripheral blood. Our study evaluated the utility of cfDNA in advanced thyroid cancers. Patients aged >18 years with metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC), or anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) were enrolled in this prospective study between 2020 and 2024.

Machine learning reveals prominent spontaneous behavioral changes and treatment efficacy in humanized and transgenic Alzheimer's disease models.

Computer-vision and machine-learning (ML) approaches are being developed to provide scalable, unbiased, and sensitive methods to assess mouse behavior. Here, we used the ML-based variational animal motion embedding (VAME) segmentation platform to assess spontaneous behavior in humanized App knockin and transgenic APP models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to test the role of AD-related neuroinflammation in these behavioral manifestations. We found marked alterations in spontaneous behavior in App and 5xFAD mice, including age-dependent changes in motif utilization, disorganized behavioral sequences, increased transitions, and randomness.

Tissue resident memory CD4 T cells are sustained by site-specific levels of self-renewal and replacement from precursors.

Tissue-resident memory T cells (T ) protect from repeated infections within organs and barrier sites. The breadth and duration of such protection is defined at minimum by three quantities; the rate at which new T are generated from precursors, their rate of self-renewal, and their loss rate through death, egress, or differentiation. Quantifying these processes in isolation is challenging.