Effects of subchronic dietary exposure to the engineered nanomaterials SiO and CeO in C57BL/6J and 5xFAD Alzheimer model mice.

Background: There is an increasing concern about the neurotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials (NMs). To investigate the effects of subchronic oral exposures to SiO and CeO NMs on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology, 5xFAD transgenic mice and their C57BL/6J littermates were fed ad libitum for 3 or 14 weeks with control food pellets, or pellets dosed with these respective NMs at 0.1% or 1% (w/w).

The dietary antioxidant quercetin reduces hallmarks of bleomycin-induced lung fibrogenesis in mice.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, lethal disease of which the etiology is still not fully understood. Current treatment comprises two FDA-approved drugs that can slow down yet not stop or reverse the disease. As IPF pathology is associated with an altered redox balance, adding a redox modulating component to current therapy might exert beneficial effects.

Blockade of placental growth factor reduces vaso-occlusive complications in murine models of sickle cell disease.

Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) is the most common and debilitating complication of sickle cell disease (SCD); recurrent episodes cause organ damage and contribute to early mortality. Plasma placental growth factor (PlGF) levels are elevated in SCD and can further increase under hypoxic conditions in SCD mice. Treatment with a PlGF-neutralizing antibody (anti-PlGF Ab) in SCD mice reduced levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3, eotaxin, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 significantly, and of macrophage-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein-3β moderately; this may contribute to inhibition of leukocyte recruitment, activation, and thrombosis.

Histology and Gadolinium Distribution in the Rodent Brain After the Administration of Cumulative High Doses of Linear and Macrocyclic Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents.

Objectives: Retrospective studies in patients with primary brain tumors or other central nervous system pathologies as well as postmortem studies have suggested that gadolinium (Gd) deposition occurs in the dentate nucleus (DN) and globus pallidus (GP) after multiple administrations of primarily linear Gd-based contrast agents (GBCAs). However, this deposition has not been associated with any adverse effects or histopathological alterations. The aim of this preclinical study was to systematically examine differences between linear and macrocyclic GBCAs in their potential to induce changes in brain and skin histology including Gd distribution in high spatial resolution.

Exploring polyvinylpyrrolidone in the engineering of large porous PLGA microparticles via single emulsion method with tunable sustained release in the lung: In vitro and in vivo characterization.

Sustained pulmonary drug delivery is regarded as an effective strategy for local treatment of chronic lung diseases. Despite of the progress made so far, there remains a need for respirable drug loaded porous microparticles, where porosity of the microparticles can be readily engineered during the preparation process, with tunable sustained drug release upon lung deposition. In this work, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a novel porogen to engineer PLGA-based large porous particles (LPPs) using single emulsion method, with fine tuning of the porosity, sustained drug release both in vitro and in vivo.