Feasibility of lung cancer screening in developing countries: challenges, opportunities and way forward.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of all cancer deaths worldwide, comprising 18.4% of all cancer deaths. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has shown mortality benefit in various trials and now a standard tool for lung cancer screening.

Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer.

Lung cancer has become a global problem, from a rare disease to an emerging public health issue. The current data of GLOBOCAN 2018, indicates that this disease has recorded highest mortality among all types of cancer. The etiological factors of lung cancer have become more multiplex because of increasing industrialization and environmental pollution around the world, especially in India.

Age-related increase in the frequency of CD4(+) T cells that produce interferon-gamma in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B during childhood.

Background: The susceptibility of infants to infections is well defined clinically, and immunologic abnormalities have been described. Immune maturation is complex, however, and the interval during which changes occur during childhood has not been identified.

Methods: To assess age-related differences in the CD4(+) T cell responses, we evaluated the frequency of CD4(+) T cells that produced interferon (IFN) gamma in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) stimulation in 382 healthy infants and children (2 months to 11 years of age) and 66 adults.

Effects of interleukin-12 and interleukin-15 on measles-specific T-cell responses in vaccinated infants.

Understanding the infant host response to measles vaccination is important because of their increased mortality from measles and the need to provide effective protection during the first year of life. Measles-specific T and B-cell responses are lower in infants after measles vaccination than in adults. To define potential mechanisms, we investigated age-related differences in measles-specific T-cell proliferation, CD40-L expression, and IFN-gamma production after measles immunization, and the effects of rhIL-12 and rhIL-15 on these responses.

T cell immunity to measles viral proteins in infants and adults after measles immunization.

Vaccination of infants against measles remains of global importance, and proposed new vaccine strategies include the use of measles proteins or synthetic peptides as immunogens. We studied cell-mediated immunity to whole measles antigen and measles proteins in immune adults and infants after measles vaccine. Further, we measured CD8+ T cell responses to peptide pools corresponding to the nucelocapsid (N) measles protein in adults given measles vaccine.