A Practical Clinical Approach to Navigate Pulmonary Embolism Management: A Primer and Narrative Review of the Evolving Landscape.

Advances in imaging, pharmacological, and procedural technologies have rapidly expanded the care of pulmonary embolism. Earlier, more accurate identification and quantification has enhanced risk stratification across the spectrum of the disease process, with a number of clinical tools available to prognosticate outcomes and guide treatment. Direct oral anticoagulants have enabled a consistent and more convenient long-term therapeutic option, with a greater shift toward outpatient treatment for a select group of low-risk patients.

[Mechanical thrombectomy in pulmonary embolism].

Systemic thrombolysis is the first-line treatment for patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism or with haemodynamic deterioration on anticoagulation alone; however, it is associated with a high bleeding risk. Mechanical thrombectomy may significantly reduce right ventricular dysfunction without exposing the patient to systemic bleeding complications. No randomized trials comparing the two treatments are available to date.

[Deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb : from diagnosis to treatment].

When a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is suspected, management should begin with a well-defined diagnostic approach based on clinical evaluation and pre-test probability, D-dimer testing, and venous ultrasound. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, it is important to differentiate between proximal and distal DVT, as their treatment strategies differs. While numerous robust studies with a high level of evidence are available for proximal DVT, the optimal management of distal DVT remains debated.