Chemokine receptor CCR5 correlates with functional CD8 T cells in SIV-infected macaques and the potential effects of maraviroc on T-cell activation.

C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an essential role in HIV pathogenesis as the major coreceptor on CD4 T cells used by HIV, yet the function of CCR5 on CD8 T cells is not well understood. Furthermore, the immunologic effects of the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc (MVC), despite approval for clinical use, have not yet been well evaluated for their potential effects on cytotoxic T-cell responses. In this study, we characterized the development and function of CCR5CD8 T cells in rhesus macaques with or without Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection.

Impaired Development and Expansion of Germinal Center Follicular Th Cells in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Neonatal Macaques.

Germinal center (GC) CD4 follicular Th (Tfh) cells are critical for cognate B cell help in humoral immune responses to pathogenic infections. Although Tfh cells are expanded or depleted in HIV/SIV-infected adults, the effects of pediatric HIV/SIV infection on Tfh cells remain unclear. In this study, we examined changes in lymphoid follicle formation in lymph nodes focusing on GC Tfh cells, B cell development, and differentiation in SIV-infected neonatal rhesus macaques () compared with age-matched cohorts.

Maternal antibodies against tetanus toxoid do not inhibit potency of antibody responses to autologous antigen in newborn rhesus monkeys.

Background: Our previous study suggested newborns have competent immune systems with the potential to respond to foreign antigens and vaccines. In this study, we examined infant immune responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination in the presence of maternal antibody to TT.

Methods: We examined changes in plasma levels of tetanus toxoid-specific IgG1 (anti-TT IgG1) in a total of eight infant rhesus macaques from birth through 6 months of age using a commercial Monkey Anti-TT IgG1 ELISA kit.

Profound loss of intestinal Tregs in acutely SIV-infected neonatal macaques.

Impairment of the intestinal mucosal immune system is an early feature of HIV-infected children. Most infected children exhibit clinical gastrointestinal symptoms at some stage of infection, and persistent diarrhea is a marker for rapid disease progression. It is known that Tregs are especially important in mediating intestinal immune homeostasis and that loss of this subset may result in intestinal inflammation and associated clinical signs.

Correction: Persistence of in Rhesus Macaques following Antibiotic Treatment of Disseminated Infection.

[This corrects the article on p. e29914 in vol. 7.