Excipient and Packaging Material Impact on Glass and Polymer-Based Prefilled Syringe Functionality.

Compared to glass prefilled syringes (PFSs), cyclic olefin polymer (COP) PFS showed more consistent and predictable extrusion forces when exposed to a variety of excipient combinations (buffers, tonicity agents, and surfactants) at various accelerated storage conditions. Furthermore, COP PFSs also showed significantly less variance in extrusion forces within each individual stroke, which is critical for precision applications. Observed performance differences can be explained by fundamental differences in the stability and homogeneity of the primary packaging materials (i.

Physicochemical Excipient-Container Interactions in Prefilled Syringes and Their Impact on Syringe Functionality.

Previous studies have shown that parenteral formulation excipients can interact with the silicone oil in prefilled syringes, thereby causing variations in glide force that affect the performance of autoinjectors. Thus, it is crucial to control the glide force of the prefilled syringes to mitigate the potential risk of dose inaccuracies. This study provided a systematic understanding of the chemical interactions between the excipients, physical interactions between the excipients and the container, as well as their impact on the functional performance of prefilled syringes.

Effects of upright weight bearing and the knee flexion angle on patellofemoral indices using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with patellofemoral instability.

Purpose: This study analysed the effects of upright weight bearing and the knee flexion angle on patellofemoral indices, determined using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in patients with patellofemoral instability (PI).

Methods: Healthy volunteers (control group, n = 9) and PI patients (PI group, n = 16) were scanned in an open-configuration MRI scanner during upright weight bearing and supine non-weight bearing positions at full extension (0° flexion) and at 15°, 30°, and 45° flexion. Patellofemoral indices included the Insall-Salvati Index, Caton-Deschamp Index, and Patellotrochlear Index (PTI) to determine patellar height and the patellar tilt angle (PTA), bisect offset (BO), and the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance to assess patellar rotation and translation with respect to the femur and alignment of the extensor mechanism.