The role of pharmacy in promoting public health: Pharmacy and public health in 2050.

From 2000 to 2025, the profession of pharmacy expanded into vaccinations, point-of-care testing, and chronic disease prevention and management. In the next 25 years, pharmacy will continue to advance in new ways. This paper focuses on expanded roles of community and ambulatory care pharmacy to more directly improve public health.

Estimating effects of aging and disease progression in current and former smokers using longitudinal models.

Objectives: To separate estimates of mean change in a health outcome into components of aging and disease progression for different severity groups of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Study Design And Methods: A longitudinal model can be used to estimate mean change in a health outcome over time. Methods to separate this change into portions due to aging and disease progression are discussed, including conditions that allow for accurate estimation.

Physiological trade-offs in male social insects: Interactions among infection, immunity, fertility, size, and age in honey bee drones.

Female social insects represent a dramatic exception of the evolutionarily conserved physiological trade-off between reproduction and life span, where aging is positively correlated with reproduction. However, whether this facet of life history also pertains to male social insects, remains largely unknown. Male honey bees (drones) die in the act of copulation, placing them under opposing selective pressures.

Hepatic Failure and Hyperbilirubinemia Secondary to Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn.

Anti-D antibody is the most common cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Other antigens have emerged, causing significant damage to the newborn. We report a case of a 31-week dichorionic diamniotic twin born emergently to a mother with anti-C and anti-D antibodies who required multiple percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling (PUBS) and transfusions.

A myeloid differentiation-like protein in partnership with Toll5 from the pest insect senses baculovirus infection.

Many types of viruses infect insects and other arthropods. In contrast, little is known about how arthropods sense viruses, although several innate immune pathways including Toll have antiviral functions. Large DNA viruses in the family are used to control a number of pest insects.