Effects of an Extreme Weather Event on Primate Populations.

Objectives: With contemporary, human-induced climate change at a crisis point, extreme weather events (e.g., cyclones, heatwaves, floods) are becoming more frequent, intense, and difficult to predict.

Blood-based diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study in South Africa and Dominican Republic.

Objectives: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is complicated by challenges in obtaining invasive respiratory specimens that frequently contain few Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli. We report the diagnostic performance of an Mtb antigen-derived peptide (MAP-TB) assay and its ability to monitor TB treatment response.

Methods: Study cohorts enrolled children who presented with presumptive TB at two hospitals in South Africa from 2012 to 2017 (157 children aged <13 years) and at community-based clinics in the Dominican Republic from 2019 to 2023 (101 children aged <18 years).

In situ staining with antibodies cross-reactive in pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer facilitates understanding of biological tissue status and immunopathology.

Identifying cellular markers within archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues is critical for understanding tissue landscapes impacting animal health, but in situ detection methods are limited in veterinary species by a restricted toolbox of species-compatible immunoreagents. We identify antibodies with conserved in situ reactivity to IBA-1 (macrophages/dendritic cells), CD3ε (T cells), Pax5 (B cells), Ki-67 (cycling cells), and cytokeratin type I/II (epithelial cells) in FFPE tissues of pigs, cattle, and white-tailed deer. Multiplexed brightfield detection (IBA-1/CD3ε/Pax5) in lymph nodes of all three species demonstrated species-specific and species-conserved features of cellular architecture.

Structure-Based Discovery and Development of Highly Potent Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors for Malaria Chemoprevention.

Malaria remains a serious global health challenge, yet treatment and control programs are threatened by drug resistance. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) was clinically validated as a target for treatment and prevention of malaria through human studies with DSM265, but currently no drugs against this target are in clinical use. We used structure-based computational tools including free energy perturbation (FEP+) to discover highly ligand efficient, potent, and selective pyrazole-based DHODH inhibitors through a scaffold hop from a pyrrole-based series.

Methodological report of a cross-sectional survey of abortion-related knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst health professionals in Britain, strategies adopted and lessons learned: evidence from the SACHA Study.

Background: Most surveys examining health professionals' knowledge, attitudes and practices around abortion have used convenience samples and have targeted doctors. Our goal in the SACHA Study, drawing on evidence-based strategies to maximise response rates, was to achieve a representative sample of a wider range of health professionals, working in general practice, maternity services, pharmacies, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) clinics and specialist abortion services in Britain, to explore the knowledge, attitudes and experience of abortion care and views on future models of delivery.

Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of midwives, doctors, nurses and pharmacists in England, Scotland and Wales was undertaken between November, 2021 and July, 2022.