High Rates of Unnecessary Surgery for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules in the Absence of Molecular Test and the Cost-Effectiveness of Utilizing Molecular Test in an Asian Population: A Decision Analysis.

Cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (Bethesda class III or IV) carry a 10-40% risk of malignancy. Diagnostic lobectomies are frequently performed but negative surgeries incur unnecessary costs on the healthcare system, potential complications, and negative impacts on quality of life. Molecular tests (MTs) have been developed to reduce unnecessary surgeries.

What predicts the initial interest and uptake of health behaviours? An exploratory study to understand commitment and early success through a simple behaviour.

Extant models of health behaviour change often overlook stages in which individuals decide to partake in interventions. The current study aimed to identify behavioural and psychological factors that could capture a person's readiness to change a health behaviour and whether these could predict progression through stages of commitment. Rather than explicitly advertising a health behaviour intervention, we invited individuals to partake in a general health behaviour survey using a paid advertising campaign on Facebook (Phase 1).

Data Mining Approach to Melatonin Treatment in Alzheimer's Disease: New Gene Targets and .

Melatonin is a hormone released by the pineal gland that regulates the sleep-wake cycle. It has been widely studied for its therapeutic effects on Alzheimer's disease (AD), particularly through the amyloidosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation pathways. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which it exerts its neuroprotective effects in AD are still largely unknown.

Host-microbe multiomic profiling identifies distinct COVID-19 immune dysregulation in solid organ transplant recipients.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses significant risks for solid organ transplant recipients, who have atypical but poorly characterized immune responses to infection. We aim to understand the host immunologic and microbial features of COVID-19 in transplant recipients by leveraging a prospective multicenter cohort of 86 transplant recipients age- and sex-matched with 172 non-transplant controls. We find that transplant recipients have higher nasal SARS-CoV-2 viral abundance and impaired viral clearance, and lower anti-spike IgG levels.

A novel monoclonal antibody against human thymic stromal lymphopoietin for the treatment of TSLP-mediated diseases.

Introduction: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a master regulator of allergic inflammation against pathogens at barrier surfaces of the lung, skin, and gut. However, aberrant TSLP activity is implicated in various allergic, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases and cancers. Biologics drugs neutralizing excess TSLP activity represented by tezepelumab have been approved for severe asthma and are being evaluated for the treatments of other TSLP-mediated diseases.