Diabetic retinopathy is associated with oxidative stress and mitigation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes.

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease associated with serious complications, including diabetic retinopathy (DR). The authors' main aim was to investigate biochemical parameters and the oxidative stress associated with the type 2 DR patients and to study gene expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) among patients with DR [DR(+)] compared with a control nondiabetic group. In all, 67 patients with DR included in this study were diabetic for more than 10 years.

Body weight reduction and metformin: Roles in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background And Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common problem in women at fertile age. A prospective study was conducted to clarify the pathophysiological responses during an application of insulin sensitizer, metformin and weight reduction therapy at the Gynecology Center in Ohud hospital, in AL-Madinah AL-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: Twenty healthy women served as controls and 180 PCOS women divided into three groups participated in the study.

Reassessment of the undergraduate educational environment in College of Medicine, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, Saudi Arabia.

Background: We reassessed the perception of all undergraduate students in Taibah medical college regarding the educational environment during the academic year 2010-2011 and compared it with the assessment carried out three years earlier in order to identify the change over time from previous assessment.

Method: In the present prospective study, the validated 50-item Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory was collected from medical students of basic phase (n = 302) and clinical phase (n = 222) and compared the scores of students' responses with those of previous assessment 3 years earlier.

Results: In the year 2007/2008 DREEM inventory scored 109.

Assessment of coronary heart diseases in diabetics in al-Madinah al-Munawarah.

Background: Coronary heart disease is highly prevalent and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to assess the major risk factors and their predictor score for coronary heart diseases in diabetic patients.

Methods: The present study was conducted in al-Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Retinopathy and risk factors in diabetic patients from Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is accompanied by chronic and dangerous microvascular changes affecting most body systems, especially the eye, leading to diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy without appropriate management is emerging as one of the leading causes of blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy, reduce the risk of blindness, and identify relevant risk factors.