Making sense of candidates: partisanship, ideology, and issues as guides to judgment.

Citizens employ a range of heuristic devices in reaching judgments and making evaluations regarding political candidates and issues. This paper examines the circumstances that lead to the use of multiple and potentially competing heuristics in making complex decisions. In our analysis, subjects systematically demonstrate evidence of confusion regarding particular combinations of partisan, ideological, and issue-based heuristics--a difficulty in disentangling partisan, ideological, and issue-based criteria in the evaluation of candidates.

A CIDEP and fluorescence study of the oxidation of vitamin E: the vitamin E radical cation.

The photochemical and thermal oxidations of vitamin E in trifluoroacetic acid were investigated by the combination of electron spin resonance, chemically induced dynamic electron polarization, and fluorescence techniques. Two independent thermal pathways led to the formation of the vitamin E radical cation in which one of the paths involved the intermediate neutral semiquinone radical. Photo-oxidation, however, did not involve the neutral radicals.

Radiological differentiation of tuberculous and pyogenic osteomyelitis: a case report.

A case report is presented in which tuberculosis of the spine (Pott's disease) is identified radiographically and is compared with pyogenic osteomyelitis. Physical examination findings, as well as laboratory evaluation of these conditions, are differentiated.

Photophysical, photochemical and photobiological studies of 4'-methylangelicins, potential agents for photochemotherapy.

In order to study the relationship between certain photophysical and photochemical properties of furocoumarins and their photobiological activities, the quantum yields of the formation of excited triplet states, the capacity to generate singlet oxygen in vitro and the effect of oxygen on photoinduced cell killing and on the induction of cytoplasmic "petite" mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were determined for a series of 4'-methylangelicins and 3-carbethoxypsoralen (3-CPs). The capacity to generate singlet oxygen, in good agreement with the photophysical data, correlates well with the oxygen effect observed on the lethality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae shown by the various compounds and followed the ranking order 3-CPs greater than 4',4-dimethylangelicin greater than 4'-methylangelicin greater than 4',5-dimethylangelicin. On the other hand the oxygen effect on the induction of cytoplasmic "petite" mutations on yeast appears much less pronounced than that shown on survival.