Response to the detection of and on in Australia.

Here we report on the detection and surveillance response to two species found in Sydney, Australia, in 2015. Both and were found in association with cankers on (English oak). The fungi were initially found to be localised on amenity trees in northern Sydney, New South Wales, and as they were new detections for Australia, eradication was considered.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the West of Scotland: a cohort study.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic had an undoubted impact on the provision of elective and emergency cancer care, including the diagnosis and management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim was to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with HCC in the West of Scotland.

Design: This was a retrospective audit of a prospectively collated database of patients presented to the West of Scotland Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) between April and October 2020 (during the pandemic), comparing baseline demographics, characteristics of disease at presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment and outcomes with patients from April to October 2019 (pre pandemic).

Peptidergic and functional delineation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.

Many neuronal populations that release fast-acting excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the brain also contain slower-acting neuropeptides. These facultative peptidergic cell types are common, but it remains uncertain whether neurons that solely release peptides exist. Our fluorescence in situ hybridization, genetically targeted electron microscopy, and electrophysiological characterization suggest that most neurons of the non-cholinergic, centrally projecting Edinger-Westphal nucleus in mice are obligately peptidergic.

Validation of MYC and BCL6 rapid break apart digital fluorescence in situ hybridization assays for clinical use.

Objective: Detection of gene rearrangements in (a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes) and human B-cell lymphoma 6 () using fluorescence hybridization (FISH) are important in the evaluation of lymphomas, in particular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma. Our current clinical MYC and BCL6 FISH workflow involves an overnight hybridization of probes with digital analysis using the GenASIs Scan and Analysis instrument (Applied Spectral Imaging). In order to improve assay turnaround time SureFISH probes were validated to reduce the hybridization time from 16 hours down to 1.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Scores Predict Patients Under Surveillance at Low Risk of Benefit and High Risk of Harm.

Aims: Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recommended for patients with cirrhosis. Multiple risk scores aim to stratify HCC risk, potentially allowing individualized surveillance strategies. We sought to validate four risk scores and quantify the consequences of surveillance via the calculation of numbers needed to benefit (NNB) and harm (NNH) according to classification by risk score strata.