Survival after non-resection of colorectal cancer: the argument for including non-operatives in consultant outcome reporting in the UK.

Introduction: Although the mainstay of colorectal cancer treatment remains operative, a significant proportion of patients end up without surgery. This is because they are either deemed to have no oncological benefit from the resection (too much disease) or to be unfit for major surgery (too frail). The aim of this study was to assess the proportion and survival of these two groups among the totality of practice in a tertiary unit and to discuss the implications on the conceptual understanding of outcome measures.

Urban mining demonstration bases in China: A new approach to the reclamation of resources.

This paper aims to examine a key Chinese circular economy program, the Urban Mining Demonstration Base Construction (UMDBC) Program, for its successes, experiences and existing problems. Using publicly available data and detailed investigation and analysis, we discuss the details of the UMDBC Program. Although the whole program has been implemented and has made significant progress, some problems exist.

Modeling integrated urban water systems in developing countries: case study of Port Vila, Vanuatu.

Developing countries struggle to provide adequate urban water services, failing to match infrastructure with urban expansion. Despite requiring an improved understanding of alternative infrastructure performance when considering future investments, integrated modeling of urban water systems is infrequent in developing contexts. This paper presents an integrated modeling methodology that can assist strategic planning processes, using Port Vila, Vanuatu, as a case study.

N-butyryl glucosamine increases matrix gene expression by chondrocytes.

Proteoglycan synthesis is dependent on N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) produced by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway or obtained exogenously. Although used therapeutically to relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis, the actions of glucosamine and its analogs on cartilage are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on chondrocytes of N-acylated-glucosamine analogs bearing alkyl chains of different lengths.