In Drosophila Hemolymph, Serine Proteases Are the Major Gelatinases and Caseinases.

After separation on gel zymography, hemolymph displays gelatinase and caseinase bands of varying sizes, ranging from over 140 to 25 kDa. Qualitative and quantitative variations in these bands were observed during larval development and between different strains and Drosophila species. The activities of these Drosophila hemolymph gelatinase and caseinase were strongly inhibited by serine protease inhibitors, but not by EDTA.

bioinsecticide influences oviposition decision.

Behavioural avoidance has obvious benefits for animals facing environmental stressors such as pathogen-contaminated foods. Most current bioinsecticides are based on the environmental and opportunistic bacterium () that kills targeted insect pests upon ingestion. While food and oviposition avoidance of bioinsecticide by targeted insect species was reported, this remained to be addressed in non-target organisms, especially those affected by chronic exposure to bioinsecticide such as species.

Amount of venom that Leptopilina species inject into Drosophila melanogaster larvae in relation to parasitic success.

The Drosophila endoparasitoid wasps Leptopilina boulardi and L. heterotoma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are pro-ovigenic species, i.e.

Proteo-Trancriptomic Analyses Reveal a Large Expansion of Metalloprotease-Like Proteins in Atypical Venom Vesicles of the Wasp (Braconidae).

(Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae) is an endoparasitoid wasp of lepidopteran caterpillars. Its parasitic success relies on vesicles (named Virus-Like Particles or MpVLPs) that are synthesized in the venom gland and injected into the parasitoid host along with the venom during oviposition. In order to define the content and understand the biogenesis of these atypical vesicles, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the venom gland and a proteomic analysis of the venom and purified MpVLPs.

Impact of Temperature on the Immune Interaction between a Parasitoid Wasp and Host Species.

Temperature is particularly important for ectotherms, including endoparasitoid wasps that develop inside another ectotherm host. In this study, we tested the impact of three temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) on the host-parasitoid immune interaction using two host species ( and ) and two parasitoid lines of . 's immune defense against parasitoids consists of the formation of a melanized capsule surrounding the parasitoid egg.