[New view on the causes and treatment of Brown's syndrome].

The cause of the Brown's syndrome has so far been assigned to changes in the tendon sheath. Mühlendyck has proved that in Brown's syndrome patients the tendon sheath is regular whereas the symptoms are caused by changes in muscle obliquus superior or in the trochlea area. Resection of the irregular structures results in a normalisation of the active and passive elevation in adduction.

[Surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus in 463 children].

The authors presented several types of surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus and results. The treatment of congenital nystagmus included 463 children. The patients were divided into three groups depending upon the type of nystagmus blocking movements.

[Evaluation of visual acuity of small children with preferential looking methods].

With preferential looking (PL) techniques, especially the Acuity Card Procedure (Teller Acuity Cards), the visual acuity in small children can be determined. PL-testing was used in 294 children in the Strabismus and Amblyopia Department of the Ophthamology Hospital in Kraków. These children had been directed from other ophthalmologic departments.