Parenting attitudes and behaviors of low-income single mothers with young children.

The purpose of this study was to explore parenting attitudes and behaviors of low-income single mothers with preschool-aged children. As part of a longitudinal study of the health of single-mother families, 44 unstructured and semistructured interviews were conducted over a 1-year period with a subsample of nine mothers. The mothers modelled desired behaviors and values, but held unrealistic expectations for child behaviors.

Moving beyond survival: coping behaviours of low-income single mothers.

The purposes of this study were to describe the psychosocial and environmental contexts affecting the lives of low-income, single mothers and to explore their everyday coping strategies. Nine mothers of preschool children participated in multiple, unstructured and semi-structured in-home interviews. Traumatic childhood experiences including death of a parent and abuse contributed to the mothers' depression and to their coping strategies for survival.

Using life histories to individualize nursing home staff attitudes toward residents.

This study assesses the impact of life histories on nursing home staff attitudes. Nurse's aides at two institutions answered questions about their experience and knowledge of aging, and rated nursing home residents on a semantic differential (attitude) scale. Aides received one of two versions of an anonymous resident's medical chart, identical except for the inclusion of a one-page life history.

The memory advantages of the generation effect: age and process differences.

This study examined the impact of age on the generation effect using measures of study time, recognition (d prime), cautiousness (beta), and judgment reaction time. Thirty-six younger and 36 older adults studied antonym pairs, half of which were intact and half of which were missing two adjacent interior letters requiring active encoding (generation) to complete the word. In general, older adults studied items longer; both younger and older adults studied items requiring generation longer than intact items.