Severity of Impaired Oxygenation and Conservative Oxygenation Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Children: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of the Oxy-PICU Trial of Conservative Oxygenation.

Objectives: A conservative oxygenation strategy is recommended in adult and pediatric guidelines for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome to reduce iatrogenic lung damage. In the recently reported Oxy-PICU trial, targeting peripheral oxygen saturations (Spo2) between 88% and 92% was associated with a shorter duration of organ support and greater survival, compared with Spo2 greater than 94%, in mechanically ventilated children following unplanned admission to PICU. We investigated whether this benefit was greater in those who had severely impaired oxygenation at randomization.

Exploring differences in reported mental health outcomes and quality of life between physically restrained and non-physically restrained ICU patients; a prospective cohort study.

Background: Physical restraints are frequently used in ICU patients, while their effects are unclear.

Objective: To explore differences in patient reported mental health outcomes and quality of life between physical restrained and non-physical restrained ICU patients at 3- and 12-months post ICU admission, compared to pre-ICU health status.

Research Methodology/design: Prospective cohort study.

Stress Appraisal, Stress Mindset, and Perceived Pain During a Cold Pressor Test.

Background: Previous studies demonstrated that task-specific stress appraisals as well as the more general belief that stress is (mal)adaptive (i.e., stress mindset) can affect the stress response.

Task relevant autoencoding enhances machine learning for human neuroscience.

In human neuroscience, machine learning can help reveal lower-dimensional neural representations relevant to subjects' behavior. However, state-of-the-art models typically require large datasets to train, and so are prone to overfitting on human neuroimaging data that often possess few samples but many input dimensions. Here, we capitalized on the fact that the features we seek in human neuroscience are precisely those relevant to subjects' behavior rather than noise or other irrelevant factors.

[Mental illness in old age - why we need a new perspective].

The clinical pictures of older patients with mental illnesses are often very complex, individual disorders appear less distinct, which is also confirmed in epidemiological studies. The article develops the hypothesis of a dedifferentiation of clinical pictures in old age. Deficits in executive functions in old age are discussed as a possible cause.