Elevated whole blood viscosity is associated with an impaired insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose metabolism.

Background: Increased whole blood viscosity (WBV) was associated with impaired peripheral glucose metabolism, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Impaired myocardial glucose metabolism is a risk factor for CVD. Whether an increased WBV is associated with impaired myocardial glucose metabolism is still undefined.

Differences in target organ damage in individuals with intermediate hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes identified by 1-hour plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test.

Aims: The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has recently recommended determination of 1-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to diagnose intermediate hyperglycemia (IH) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Herein, we investigated the implications of IDF recommendation for characterizing the risk of cardiovascular target organ damage including left ventricular mass normalized by body surface area (LVM index [LVMI]), and myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency normalized by LVM (MEEi) in individuals with IH and T2D.

Methods: LVMI, and MEEi were assessed in 1847 adults classified on the basis of fasting, 1-hour and 2- hour glucose during an OGTT according to the IDF recommendation as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 736), isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG, n = 105), IH (n = 676), and newly diagnosed T2D (n = 330).

Prevention of Aspiration: Oral Care, Antibiotics, Others.

Patients with aspiration pneumonia often develop this lung infection due to poor oral health or because the contents of the digestive tract or upper airway enter the lower airway traversing the larynx through different mechanisms. Prevention of this condition is directed at the mechanism by which it occurs. The elderly are the most likely to suffer from aspiration pneumonia, occasionally due to issues related to poor dental health, but more frequently due to abnormal swallowing, which may appear after a stroke, a functional impairment related to aging, or may be part of a specific disease such as Parkinson's disease or some other nervous system condition.

Individuation of a cut-off value of triglyceride-glucose index for incident diabetes mellitus in patients with essential hypertension.

The prevalence of obesity and diabetes, risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, is increasing worldwide; therefore, it is desirable to early identify them to reduce cardiovascular events. Thus, we investigated whether the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), a new marker of insulin resistance, is associated with incident diabetes in patients with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension. We selected 585 patients with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension referred to our tertiary Clinic of Catanzaro University Hospital for the evaluation of their cardiometabolic risk profile.

Impaired insulin sensitivity measured by estimated glucose disposal rate is associated with decreased myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency in non-diabetic individuals.

Background And Aims: Impaired myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency (MEE) has been associated with cardiac insulin resistance measured by dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) combined with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Estimate glucose disposal rate (eGDR) index has a good correlation with whole-body insulin sensitivity. It remains unsettled whether eGDR index is a suitable proxy of cardiac insulin sensitivity as well as its association with myocardial MEE.