Effect of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine on the intradermal testing of goats for tuberculosis.

The effect of an inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine on the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in goats was investigated in a herd with a history of clinical paratuberculosis but which was free of TB. Cohorts of animals in 2006, 2008 and 2009, were vaccinated once at 1 month of age, and 50% of the 2006 cohort served as unvaccinated controls. The goats were aged 8 months, 20 months and 3.

Extended surveillance for CBPP in a free country: Challenges and solutions regarding the potential caprine reservoir.

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe respiratory disease of cattle and buffalo caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides "Small Colony" (MmmSC). The agent of CBPP has been isolated from goats in different countries including CBPP-free areas.

A PCR for the detection of mycoplasmas belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster: application to the diagnosis of contagious agalactia.

Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmal infection caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC, M. mycoides subsp.

Solvent-free condensation of phenylacetonitrile and nonanenitrile with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde: optimization and mechanistic studies.

The condensation of phenylacetonitrile with 4-methoxybenzaldehyde can be carried out by two solvent-free methods: i) using neat powdered KOH at room temperature with equivalent amounts of aldehyde, nitrile and base for 3 min, and ii) using K2CO3 in the presence of a phase transfer agent for 3 min under microwave activation or conventional heating. By extending the reaction time up to 10 min, four different products were obtained from phenyl or nitrile group migration. With nonanenitrile, only the second method could be applied to give two kinds of condensed compounds with or without phenyl (or nitrile) group migration.

Improved analogs and novel delivery systems for somatostatin octapeptides.

Appropriate N-terminus modification can result in somatostatin (SRIF) octapeptide analogs that are both more potent and more selective in vitro for the human SRIF receptor type 2 (hsst2). In addition, these modifications can improve the duration of action and bioavailability of SRIF analogs following parenteral administration, as shown by both pharmacological and distribution studies in vivo with BIM-23190 and BIM-23197 in the rat.