Childhood adversity and adolescent mental health: Examining cumulative and specificity effects across contexts and developmental timing.

Associations between adversity and youth psychopathology likely vary based on the and of experiences. Major theories suggest that the impact of childhood adversity may either be in type (the more types of adversity, the worse outcomes) or in timing (the longer exposure, the worse outcomes) or, alternatively, concerning the type (e.g.

The Impact of Time Since Menarche for Depressive and Anxiety Symptom Severity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood.

Purpose: The study mapped depressive and anxiety symptom trajectories throughout adolescence and early adulthood, arrayed by time since menarche, a novel indicator of pubertal change and examined the effect of age of menarche and pubertal timing, more frequently used variables, on depressive and anxiety symptom severity trajectories.

Methods: Secondary analysis of a cross-sequential prospective longitudinal investigation included a community sample of 262 US, adolescent females. Participants were enrolled in age cohorts of 11, 13, 15, and 17 years.

Maltreatment type differences in cortisol stress response trajectories across adolescence.

This study examined cortisol stress response trajectories across adolescence in 454 maltreated and comparison youth recruited from Los Angeles County between 2002 and 2005 (66.7% maltreated; 46.7% girls; 39.

Amygdala reactivity during socioemotional processing and cortisol reactivity to a psychosocial stressor.

Threat-related amygdala reactivity and the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis have been linked to negative psychiatric outcomes. The amygdala and HPA axis have bidirectional connections, suggesting that functional variation in one system may influence the other. However, research on the functional associations between these systems has demonstrated mixed findings, potentially due to small sample sizes and cortisol sampling and data analytic procedures that investigate only pre-post differences in cortisol rather than the specific phases of the cortisol stress response.

Longitudinal tracking of human plasma oxytocin suggests complex responses to moral elevation.

Positive social experiences may induce oxytocin release. However, previous studies of moral elevation have generally utilized cross-sectional and simple modeling approaches to establish the relationship between oxytocin and emotional stimuli. Utilizing a cohort of 30 non-lactating women (aged 23.