Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats dependent on NLRP3 activation.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a complication following procedures such as orthopedic surgery, is associated with a worsened prognosis, especially in the elderly population. Several mechanisms have been proposed for communication between the immune system and the brain after surgery. In an experimental tibial fracture (TF) model, we aimed to understand the role of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanisms underlying POCD in aged and adult rats.

Plasticity in older infants' perception of phonetic contrasts: The role of selective attention in context.

Developmental plasticity refers to conditions and circumstances that increase phenotypic variability. In infancy, plasticity expands and contracts depending on domains of functioning, developmental history, and timing. In terms of language processing, infants attend to and discriminate both native and non-native phonetic contrasts, but selectively attune to their native phonemes by the end of the first postnatal year.

Report of the ISTH registry on pregnancy and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (COV-PREG-COAG).

Background: Concerns about COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) in pregnant individuals were raised in early pandemic.

Methods: An ISTH-sponsored COVID-19 coagulopathy in pregnancy (COV-PREG-COAG) international registry was developed to describe incidence of coagulopathy, VTE, and anticoagulation in this group.

Results: All pregnant patients with COVID-19 from participating centers were entered, providing 430 pregnancies for the first pandemic wave.

Predicting Penicillin Allergy: A United States Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Using the reaction history in logistic regression and machine learning (ML) models to predict penicillin allergy has been reported based on non-US data.

Objective: We developed ML positive penicillin allergy testing prediction models from multisite US data.

Methods: Retrospective data from 4 US-based hospitals were grouped into 4 datasets: enriched training (1:3 case-control matched cohort), enriched testing, nonenriched internal testing, and nonenriched external testing.