Short- and long-term exposure to low levels of pesticide and flavonoid mixtures modify endogenous antioxidants in tissues of rats.

The objective of this study was to determine if interaction between phytochemical mixtures and low level exposure to pesticides would modify tissue endogenous antioxidants in rats. Two experiments were conducted using dietary flavonoid (F) and oral pesticide (P) mixtures (FM, PM) on changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione concentrations (GSH) in male Sprague Dawley rats (150-175 g) fed for 2 or 4 weeks the AIN 93M diet with or without equal amounts of quercetin, rutin, catechin (FM) at 1.0 mM or 5 mM/kg diet, and with/without PM fed orally at 0.

Biosafety of flavonoids in rats: effects on copper and zinc homeostasis and interaction with low-level pesticide exposure.

Two 30-day experiments (36 male Sprague-Dawley rats each) were conducted to determine effect of administering flavonoid mixture (FM) with concomitant exposure to a pesticide mixture (PM) or FM at varied levels on changes in concentrations of zinc and copper in tissues. In experiment 1, PM = chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, and thiram at 25% LD(50) was dissolved in soybean (SB) oil and gavage-fed 0.1 mL 5 days/week; FM in SB oil was mixed in AIN-93M diet at 1.

Assessment of oxidative stress due to exposure to pesticides in plasma and urine of traditional limited-resource farm workers: formation of the DNA-adduct 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG).

The objective of this study was to assess the risk of genotoxicity caused due to oxidative stress using plasma and urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in farm workers for six months during a growing season. Blood and urine samples were collected once a month for six months (June to November 2003) from farm workers (n = 15) and urban unexposed controls (n = 10). Plasma and urinary levels of 8-OHdG were evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique.

Micronuclei frequency in lymphocytes and antioxidants in the blood of traditional limited-resource farm workers exposed to pesticides.

Chronic low-level exposure to synthetic pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of genotoxicity using micronuclei (MN) formation in lymphocytes and to determine changes in blood antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes (E) and glutathione (GSH) in E and plasma (PL) in farm workers for six months during a growing season. Blood and urine samples were collected once a month for six months (June to November 2003) from farm workers (n = 15) and urban unexposed controls (n = 10).

Interaction between pesticides and essential metal copper increases the accumulation of copper in the kidneys of rats.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 175-200 g, six per group were fed AIN 93M diet (CON) or diets containing 500 mg Ca (LCa), 7 mg Zn (LZn), 2 mg Cu (LCu), 60 mg Zn (HZn), or 12 mg Cu (HCu) per kilogram of diet in the following combinations: control (CON), LCa+LZn (LC+Z), LCa+LZn+LCu (LC+Z+C), or HZn+HCu (HZ+C) without or with a pesticides mixture (PM); Endosulfan, Thiram, and Acephate were added to the diets at 25% of LD50/kg. Rats were fed for 2 wk (small intestinal changes) or 4 wk (tissues changes). Plasma Zn was 47% lower than CON in the experimental groups.