Changes in pupil size track self-control failure.

People are more likely to perform poorly on a self-control task following a previous task requiring self-control (ego-depletion), but the mechanism for this effect remains unclear. We used pupillometry to test the role of attentional effort in ego-depletion. We hypothesized that an elevated pupil diameter (PD)-a common physiological measure of effort-during an initial task requiring self-control should be negatively associated with performance on a subsequent control task.

Category Learning Selectively Enhances Representations of Boundary-Adjacent Exemplars in Early Visual Cortex.

Category learning and visual perception are fundamentally interactive processes, such that successful categorization often depends on the ability to make fine visual discriminations between stimuli that vary on continuously valued dimensions. Research suggests that category learning can improve perceptual discrimination along the stimulus dimensions that predict category membership and that these perceptual enhancements are a byproduct of functional plasticity in the visual system. However, the precise mechanisms underlying learning-dependent sensory modulation in categorization are not well understood.

[Adverse drug reactions to multiple antibiotics].

Adverse reaction reporting is essential to understand the actual safety of marketed medicines. There are cases of patients with multidrug intolerance syndrome, an under-reported entity, which can occur when adverse reactions to more than two pharmacologically unrelated drugs occur in the same patient. We describe the case of a woman diagnosed with multisensitive Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis who experienced adverse reactions to five structurally unrelated antibiotics with different mechanisms of action in two consecutive hospitalisations.

Space- and feature-based attention operate both independently and interactively within latent components of perceptual decision making.

Top-down visual attention filters undesired stimuli while selected information is afforded the lion's share of limited cognitive resources. Multiple selection mechanisms can be deployed simultaneously, but how unique influences of each combine to facilitate behavior remains unclear. Previously, we failed to observe an additive perceptual benefit when both space-based attention (SBA) and feature-based attention (FBA) were cued in a sparse display (Liang & Scolari, 2020): FBA was restricted to higher order decision-making processes when combined with a valid spatial cue, whereas SBA additionally facilitated target enhancement.