Larger pollen loads increase risk of heat stress in foraging bumblebees.

Global declines in bumblebee populations are linked to climate change, but specific mechanisms imposing thermal stress on these species are poorly known. Here we examine the potential for heat stress in workers foraging for pollen, an essential resource for colony development. Laboratory studies have shown that pollen foraging causes increased thoracic temperatures () in bees, but this effect has not been examined in bumblebees nor in real-world foraging situations.

[Microprocessor controllers in portable ultrasonic diagnostic units].

Application possibilities of the unified microprocessor module, which allows one to widen ultrasound diagnostic unit's parameters, have been considered herein: i.e. maintenance of the unit's functional keyboard, output of the alphabet-digital information, cursor, markers on the monitor screens, monitoring of the movement of markers and cursor all around the screen, calculation of the distance between them, monitoring of the unit's modes, calculations of the table data based parameters and established formulas.