[Palatine tonsil lymphoma in children with tonsillar asymmetry. Case report].

Tonsil malignancy is uncommon in children. Tonsillar asymmetry is usually secondary to a benign process, either inflammatory conditions, differences in the tonsillar fossa depth or anterior pillar asymmetry. However, it may indicate a serious underlying disorder such as lymphoma.

[Hemoptysis in a child with cervical and pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. Case report].

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the subglottic airway. The main causes in children are infections of the lower respiratory tract and aspiration of foreign bodies. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is a rare etiology of hemoptysis, which involves abnormal communication between the arterial and venous system.

[Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein secondary to acute pharyngotonsillitis].

Acute pharyngotonsillitis is one of the most common diseases in children and adolescents. The most frequent etiology is virus, followed by bacteria. The main bacterial agent is beta hemolytic Streptococcus group A.

[Surgical treatment of short lingual frenulum in children].

Ankyloglossia is a congenital anomaly characterized by an abnormally short lingual frenulum resulting in varying degrees of difficulty of tongue mobility. It may be asymptomatic or it may present with breastfeeding difficulties, speech and dentition disorders, and social problems related to the functional limitation of the tongue. While it is a common and known pathology, controversies and diversity of opinions persist regarding the indication, timing and method of surgical correction.

Thrombin injection failure with subsequent successful stent-graft placement for the treatment of an extracranial internal carotid pseudoaneurysm in a 5-year-old child.

Internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm is a rare life-threatening condition that may develop in different clinical situations. We report the case of an extracranial internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to a throat infection in a pediatric patient that was initially treated with percutaneous thrombin injection under ultrasound guidance. However, recanalization occurred at 48 h, and definitive treatment was then performed by endovascular stent-graft placement.