Challenges in Describing Tremor and Dystonia.

Tremor is defined as an oscillatory and rhythmical movement. By contrast, dystonia is defined by sustained or intermittent abnormal postures, repetitive movements, or both. Tremor and dystonia often coexist in the same individual.

Intermuscular coherence during co-contraction eliciting tasks as a biomarker for dystonia and GPi-DBS efficacy.

Objective: Clinical rating scales often fail to capture the full spectrum of dystonic symptoms. Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna (GPi-DBS) effectively treats dystonia, but response variability necessitates a reliable biomarker. Intermuscular coherence (4-12 Hz) has been linked to abnormal activity in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical (CBGTC) loop and may serve as an objective measure of dystonia and GPi-DBS effectiveness.

Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Neurophysiology in Jerky Movement Disorders: A Review from the MDS Clinical Neurophysiology Study Group.

Background: Myoclonus and other jerky movement disorders are hyperkinetic disorders, the diagnosis of which heavily relies on clinical neurophysiological testing. However, formal diagnostic criteria are lacking, and recently the utility and reliability of these tests have been questioned.

Objective: The aim of this review was to assess the utilization of clinical neurophysiology testing to identify possible gaps and boundaries that might guide the development of new methods for a more precise diagnosis and in-depth understanding of myoclonus.

Natural history of SGCE-associated myoclonus dystonia in children and adolescents.

Aim: To investigate the natural progression of SGCE-associated myoclonus dystonia from symptom onset in childhood to early adulthood.

Method: Myoclonus and dystonia were monitored using rating scales in two cohorts of participants from Spain and the Netherlands. Individual annualized rates of change were calculated and longitudinal trends were assessed using Bayesian mixed models.