Land reclamation and its consequences: A 40-year analysis of water residence time in Doha Bay, Qatar.

Qatar's rapid industrialization, notably in its capital city Doha, has spurred a surge in land reclamation projects, leading to a constriction of the entrance to Doha Bay. By reducing and deflecting the ocean circulation, land reclamation projects have reduced the effective dispersion of wastewater introduced into the bay and hence degraded the water quality. Here, we assess fluctuations in water residence time across three distinct eras (1980, 2000, and 2020) to gauge the impact of successive land reclamation developments.

Update on the clinical use of trabecular bone score (TBS) in the management of osteoporosis: results of an expert group meeting organized by the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), and the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) under the auspices of WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and Aging.

Purpose: Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a grey-level textural measurement acquired from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry lumbar spine images and is a validated index of bone microarchitecture. In 2015, a Working Group of the European Society on Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) published a review of the TBS literature, concluding that TBS predicts hip and major osteoporotic fracture, at least partly independent of bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors. It was also concluded that TBS is potentially amenable to change as a result of pharmacological therapy.

[Innovations in physical and rehabilitation medicine].

Over the last decade, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) is a medical specialty that has evolved considerably in the various fields that concern it : from the management of low back pain and lumbosciatalgia or osteoporosis in a multidisciplinary manner, through the use of new technologies in neuro-locomotor rehabilitation and robotisation in amputee patients for example, the development of regenerative medicine and prevention in sports traumatology and, finally, the progress of electrophysiology techniques for the diagnosis of small-fibre neuropathies. These various advances will be discussed in this article.

[OSTEOPOROSIS AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE].

Osteoporosis is at the very early stages of the implementation of personalized medicine. However, the development of FRAX®, an algorithm offering the opportunity to calculate, in an individual patient, his/her 10-year fracture risk improves the decision process on the appropriateness to initiate a pharmacological treatment. This algorithm helps the physician to select drugs which are active on non-vertebral fractures only in high risk patients.

[Treatment of post-menopausic osteoporosis: what's new in 2014?].

Management of osteoporosis involves both non pharmacological approaches, including changes in lifestyle and dietary habits combined, in patients at high risk of fracture or presenting with an established osteoporosis, to the use of drugs. Besides supplementation in calcium and vitamin D (at daily doses of 1 gr and 800 IU) in patients whose dietary intakes do not cover the recommended daily allowances, medications to be used for the management of osteoporosis may include inhibitors of bone resorption (bisphosphonates, denosumab and selective estrogen receptor modulators), stimulators of bone formation (teriparatide) or chemical entities decreasing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation (strontium ranelate). The selection of a particular medication, for a single individual patient, will depend on the severity of the disease as well as on the patient's believes and expectations.