Profiling of three H3F3A-mutated and denosumab-treated giant cell tumors of bone points to diverging pathways during progression and malignant transformation.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive lesion of intermediate malignancy. Malignant transformation of GCTB is a rare event. In 2013, the humanized monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κb-Ligand (RANKL) denosumab was approved for treatment of advanced GCTB.

[New aspects on giant cell tumor of bone].

A giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is one of the giant cell-rich lesions of bone and has to be differentiated from non-ossifying fibroma, aneurysmatic bone cyst, chondroblastoma, "brown tumor" and osteosarcoma containing giant cells. A hallmark of GCTB is the presence of the distinct histone 3 (H3F3A) mutation G34W and its detection either by sequencing methods or using immunohistochemistry with a novel antibody against this mutational site. Worrisome is the fact that under denosumab therapy a histological change of the lesions can be seen and there are first reports of sarcomas arising after therapy.

Effects of a 2-day abstinence from smoking on dietary, cognitive, subjective, and physiologic parameters among younger and older female smokers.

In a field study, dietary intakes, subjective ratings of well-being, cognitive performance, blood pressure, and heart rate were assessed during 6 days of ad libitum smoking and 2 days without smoking by using an electronic diary. The subjects were 59 younger and older female smokers, aged 25-35 and 55-65 years, respectively. Smoking abstinence significantly lowered heart rate, blood pressure, and saliva cotinine levels, indicating a good compliance by the subjects.

Comparison of the effects of nicotine on a fixed rate and a subject-paced version of the rapid information processing task.

In a modified "subject-paced" rather than fixed rate version of a rapid information processing (RIP) task, the presentation rate of the stimuli is continuously adapted to the individual performance level. Thus, this modified task version probably assesses a continuous "speed function" rather than mere "vigilance". In order to compare the two task versions more directly, we carried out a study which assessed the effects of a regular nicotine cigarette and the nearly nicotine-free cigarette NEXT on both task versions under the same experimental conditions.

Expression of two related vacuolar H(+)-ATPase 16-kilodalton proteolipid genes is differentially regulated in a tissue-specific manner.

The 16-kD proteolipid subunit is the principal integral membrane protein of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) complex that forms the proton channel responsible for translocating protons across lipid bilayers. Two degenerate synthetic oligonucleotides, COT11 and COT12, corresponding to highly conserved transmembrane domains in all 16-kD subunits sequenced so far, were used to amplify a partial cDNA of the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).