Comparison of Microcapillary Blood Sampling Devices for Use in Anti-Doping.

Blood collection is an important facet of anti-doping testing, forming the basis of the hematological module of the athlete biological passport (ABP). Presently, whole blood is collected via venepucture under standardized conditions, in accordance with the World Anti-doping Agency's International Standard for Testing and Investigations (ISTI). Advances in capillary whole blood collection technology now afford the ability to collect microvolumetric capillary whole blood from the upper arm (or other suitable vascular location such as the abdomen) that is "needle-free" and virtually painless.

Long-Term Excretion of Roxadustat in Urine.

Roxadustat (FG-4592), an orally active hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase stabilizer, has been shown to enhance erythropoiesis by increasing endogenous erythropoietin. It is indicated for the treatment of anemia and chronic kidney disease and is approved for clinical use in several countries, including the European Union, Japan and others. Due to its reasonably anticipated performance-enhancing effect in athletes, roxadustat is prohibited for use in sports at all times.

Fast nonlinear Fourier transform algorithm for reconstruction of optical data from nonlinear spectra of the Manakov system.

We propose a high-precision algorithm for solving the three-component Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko equations (GLME) associated with the Manakov system, which describes the behavior of light waves through the optical fibers. The algorithm generalizes the high-order generalized Toeplitz inner-bordering method for solving the two-component GLME associated with the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Numerical experiments have shown that the proposed algorithm makes it possible to increase the accuracy of solving the GLME associated with Manakov system up to the sixth order.

The environment as the first victim: The impacts of the war on the preservation areas in Ukraine.

The war in Ukraine has had a devastating impact on the environment. Military actions have caused the release of hazardous substances into the environment, such as pollutants and toxic chemicals, that have contaminated the water, soil, and air, posing a threat to both human health and the environment. This has resulted in widespread destruction and contamination of natural habitats and resources and has disrupted wildlife populations and ecosystems.

Doping Prevalence among U.S. Elite Athletes Subject to Drug Testing under the World Anti-Doping Code.

Background: Determining the prevalence of doping within an elite athlete population is challenging due to the extreme sensitivity of the topic; however, understanding true doping prevalence is important when designing anti-doping programs and measuring their effectiveness. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of doping among Olympic, Paralympic, World, and National-level competitive athletes in the United States subject to the World Anti-Doping Code. All athletes who were subject to the U.