Alzheimer's disease-associated CD83(+) microglia are linked with increased immunoglobulin G4 and human cytomegalovirus in the gut, vagal nerve, and brain.

Introduction: While there may be microbial contributions to Alzheimer's disease (AD), findings have been inconclusive. We recently reported an AD-associated CD83(+) microglia subtype associated with increased immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in the transverse colon (TC).

Methods: We used immunohistochemistry (IHC), IgG4 repertoire profiling, and brain organoid experiments to explore this association.

Outcomes of patients with acute pulmonary embolism managed in-house vs those transferred between hospitals: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Interhospital transfer (IHT) for acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is increasingly performed to improve access to advanced reperfusion therapies. It is unclear if outcomes of patients undergoing IHT are comparable with those of patients presenting in-house to hospitals with PE Response Team (PERT) capabilities.

Objectives: To determine whether outcomes of patients with acute PE undergoing IHT differ from those of patients presenting in-house.

Neurohospitalist Core Competencies.

The Neurohospitalist Core Competencies comprise a set of competency-based learning objectives that encapsulate the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of neurohospitalitists who specialize in the care of hospitalized patients with neurologic conditions. These competencies serve to characterize the rapidly expanding field of neurohospitalist medicine. The 27 chapters are divided into 3 sections entitled: neurological conditions, clinical interventions and interpretation of ancillary studies, and neurohospitalist role in the healthcare system.

Intranasal long R3 insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment promotes amyloid plaque remodeling in cerebral cortex but fails to preserve cognitive function in male 5XFAD mice.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes neurogenesis, cell survival, and glial function, making it a promising candidate therapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objective: Long arginine 3-IGF-1 (LR3-IGF-1) is a potent IGF-1 analogue. We sought to determine whether intranasal (IN) LR3 treatment would delay cognitive decline and pathology in 5XFAD mice.

Improve time to anti-coagulation reversal for hemorrhagic strokes.

Background: Oral anticoagulation (OAC) is a risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which is an important source of disability and mortality. OAC-associated ICH (OAC-ICH) patients have worse outcomes as compared to ICH patients not on OAC, likely because of the associated larger stroke volumes, higher propensity to intraventricular hemorrhage, and a higher risk of rebleeding. Although current guidelines recommend that OAC should be reversed quickly, many health care systems have not developed a process for optimizing that aspect of care.