Developing practical recommendations for drug-disease interactions in patients with hypertension.

Background: Hypertension, a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, demands proactive management as cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels below recommended reference values of <140/90 mmHg can lead to a significant reduction of the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. However, treatment of hypertension can be difficult and the presence of comorbidities could further complicate this treatment.

Recommendations for the safe use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cirrhosis based on a systematic review of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety data.

Purpose: The popularity of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is increasing among patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhosis has a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of drugs, potentially increasing adverse events. Safe use of drugs in cirrhosis requires a diligent risk-benefit analysis.

Management of drug-disease interactions: a best practice from the Netherlands.

Background Drug-disease interactions are situations where pharmacotherapy may have a negative effect on patients' comorbidities. In these cases, it can be necessary to avoid that drug, adjust its dose or monitor therapy. In the Netherlands, pharmacists have developed a best practice how to systematically evaluate drug-disease interactions based on pharmacological considerations and implement recommendations for specific drug-disease interactions.

A novel gene which is up-regulated during colon epithelial cell differentiation and down-regulated in colorectal neoplasms.

To identify new molecular markers for differentiation of normal and neoplastic colon epithelium, we have studied changes in gene expression during the in vitro differentiation of the HT29-D4 colon carcinoma cell line. Using a modified differential display procedure, we cloned a novel cDNA, designated differentiation-related gene 1 (Drg1). Drg1 mRNA has a length of approximately 3 kb and is induced approximately 20-fold during in vitro differentiation of the colon carcinoma cell lines HT29-D4 and Caco-2.

Identification of mRNAs that show modulated expression during colon carcinoma cell differentiation.

To investigate the working hypotheses that stem cells or their early descendants are prime targets for neoplastic transformation, and that the degree to which a neoplasm retains the immature phenotype is an important determinant of tumor aggressiveness, we have identified several mRNAs that are downregulated during the in vitro differentiation of HT29-D4 colon carcinoma cells. These genes include heat-shock cognate protein Hsc70, adenylosuccinate lyase, B23/nucleophosmin, alpha-tubulin, and a novel gene designated DS-1. The DS-1 mRNA has a length of approximately 0.