Ultrasonographic Measurement of Muscle and Subcutaneous Fat Thickness for the Objective Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Alpacas.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic measurement of the subcutaneous fat and muscle layers at two different body locations as an objective tool with which to determine the nutritional status of alpacas. The results of ultrasonographic measurement were related to body weight, determined by scale, and body condition score (BCS), determined by a scoring system. Differences between gender (female/male) and different reproductive statuses (castrated/intact males, pregnant, and early or non-pregnant females) were evaluated.

Gastric emptying of milk in infants and children up to 5 years of age: normative data and influencing factors.

Background: Gastric emptying scintigraphy is widely used in infants and children, but there is a lack of age-specific normative data.

Objective: The objectives of this retrospective study were: 1) to establish a range of gastric emptying of milk or formula as a surrogate for normal gastric emptying in infants and young children ≤5 years of age, and 2) to investigate the effects of patient age, feeding volume, feeding route and gastroesophageal reflux on gastric emptying.

Materials And Methods: The reports of 5,136 gastric emptying studies of children ≤5 years of age performed at Children's National Medical Center from January 1990 to August 2012 were reviewed.

Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on End-Expiratory Lung Impedance in Semi-Seated Healthy Subjects.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) enables delivery of humidified gas at high flow while controlling the F . Although its use is growing in patients with acute respiratory failure, little is known about the impact of HFNC on lung volume. Therefore, we aimed to assess lung volume changes in healthy subjects at different flows and positions.

Explicit memory in anxiety disorders.

Two experiments were conducted to study selective memory bias favoring anxiety-relevant materials in patients with anxiety disorders. In the 1st experiment, 32 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 30 with social phobia (speaking anxiety), and 31 control participants incidentally learned GAD-relevant words, speech anxiety-relevant words, strongly pleasant words, and words with a neutral valence. Participants did not show any explicit memory bias for threatening materials.

Distinctions between CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell regenerative pathways result in prolonged T-cell subset imbalance after intensive chemotherapy.

Rapid recovery of CD4+ T cells after intensive chemotherapy is limited by an age-dependent decline in thymopoiesis. Here we sought to determine whether similar limitations exist for CD8+ T-cell regeneration. After intensive chemotherapy, CD8+ T cells had a faster effective doubling time than CD4+ T cells (median, 12.