A novel fuzzy programming approach for piece selection problem in P2P content distribution network.

Piece selection policy in dynamic P2P networks play crucial role and avoid the last piece problem. BitTorrent uses rarest-first piece selection mechanism to deal with this problem, but its efficacy is limited because each peer only has a local view of piece rareness. The problem of piece section is multiple objectives.

Sympatric occurrence of sibling Phytophthora species associated with foot rot disease of black pepper in India.

Foot rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is a serious threat to black pepper cultivation in India and globally. High diversity exists among the Phytophthora isolates of black pepper and hence detailed investigations of their morphology and phylogenetic taxonomy were carried out in the present study. In order to resolve the diversity, 182 isolates of Phytophthora, collected from different black pepper-growing tracts of South India during 1998-2013 and maintained in the National Repository of Phytophthora at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, were subjected to morphological, molecular and phylogenetic characterization.

Identification of stable reference gene for transcript normalization in black pepper- pathosystem.

A systematic validation of reference genes is a pre-requisite for the proper normalization of gene transcripts. In the present study, the annotated sequences from black pepper ( L.) leaf transcriptome were used as reference genes namely actin (), glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (), β-tubulin (), ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (), 18sr and elongation factor-1-α () to identify the stable reference gene.

Proteomics assisted profiling of antimicrobial peptide signatures from black pepper ( L.).

Plant antimicrobial peptides are the interesting source of studies in defense response as they are essential components of innate immunity which exert rapid defense response. In spite of abundant reports on the isolation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from many sources, the profile of AMPs expressed/identified from single crop species under certain stress/physiological condition is still unknown. This work describes the AMP signature profile of black pepper and their expression upon infection using label-free quantitative proteomics strategy.