Occurrence of Escherichia coli, Campylobcter, Salmonella and Shiga-Toxin Producing E. coli in Norwegian Primary Strawberry Production.

The aim of this study was to investigate the bacteriological quality of strawberries at harvest and to study risk factors such as irrigation water, soil and picker's hand cleanliness. Four farms were visited during the harvest season in 2012. Samples of strawberries, irrigation water, soil and hand swabs were collected and analyzed for E.

Survival of Salmonella on basil plants and in pesto.

Leafy greens, including fresh herbs, have repeatedly been involved in outbreaks of foodborne disease. Although much effort has been put into studying leafy greens and products such as head lettuce and baby leaves, less is known about fresh leafy herbs, such as basil. The goal of this study was to investigate the survival of Salmonella on basil plants and in pesto.

Validation of NMKL method No. 136--Listeria monocytogenes, detection and enumeration in foods and feed.

A collaborative study was organised to define the performance characteristics of the revised NMKL Method No.136 "Listeria monocytogenes. Detection and enumeration in foods".

Enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. from poultry carcasses at the end of the slaughter-line.

Aim: To enumerate Campylobacter on poultry carcasses at the end of the slaughter-line, and investigate the extent to which Campylobacter from a positive flock were transmitted to other flocks during slaughter.

Methods And Results: The presence (in caeca) and the level (from carcasses) of Campylobacter were determined. The isolates were fingerprinted by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP).

The Neurospora circadian clock: simple or complex?

The fungus Neurospora crassa is being used by a number of research groups as a model organism to investigate circadian (daily) rhythmicity. In this review we concentrate on recent work relating to the complexity of the circadian system in this organism. We discuss: the advantages of Neurospora as a model system for clock studies; the frequency (frq), white collar-1 and white collar-2 genes and their roles in rhythmicity; the phenomenon of rhythmicity in null frq mutants and its implications for clock mechanisms; the study of output pathways using clock-controlled genes; other rhythms in fungi; mathematical modelling of the Neurospora circadian system; and the application of new technologies to the study of Neurospora rhythmicity.