Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Swedish short form of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12) and investigate whether the paper-and-pen and online formats could be used interchangeably.
Method: Individuals with and without hearing problems were invited to participate in this study. The participants ( = 125) were randomized into four groups: paper-paper, online-online, paper-online, and online-paper.
Air pollution is an example of a complex environmental mixture with different biological activities, making risk assessment challenging. Current cancer risk assessment strategies that focus on individual pollutants may overlook interactions among them, potentially underestimating health risks. Therefore, a shift towards the evaluation of whole mixtures is essential for accurate risk assessment.
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