Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory skin disease, with increasing prevalence; however, few studies have reported real-world prescription patterns and healthcare burden.
Objectives: This retrospective, observational cohort study used statutory health insurance claims data (January 2014-December 2019) to estimate prevalence/incidence of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in Germany. Patient characteristics, treatment patterns/compliance, and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU)/costs were evaluated, focusing on apremilast and anti-interleukin (IL) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics.
Assessing nutrient loading and processing is crucial for water quality management in lakes and reservoirs. Quantifying and reducing external nutrient inputs in these systems remains a significant challenge. The difficulty arises from low monitoring frequencies of the highly dynamic external inputs and the limited availability of measures to reduce diffuse source loading.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe objective of this study was to evaluate biosecurity practices related to chronic wasting disease (CWD) transmission pathways and prevention in active cervid herds in Minnesota in 2019 by species, size and location of herds. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all cervid producers in Minnesota to gather demographic, management, and biosecurity practices. Among producers (N=136), 63.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe measure the light-driven response of a magnetic multilayer structure made of thin alternating layers of cobalt and platinum at the few-femtosecond timescale. Using attosecond magnetic circular dichroism, we observe how light rearranges the magnetic moment during and after excitation. The results reveal a sub-5 fs spike of magnetization in the platinum layer, which follows the shape of the driving pulse.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF