Evaluation of some immune and inflammatory responses in diabetes and HIV co-morbidity.

Background: Co-existence of diabetes in the HIV infected reportedly further complicates the attendant impairment of immunity and increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate some immune and inflammatory parameters in HIV and type 2 diabetes (T2D) co-morbidity: Immunoglobulin M and G (IgM and IgG), Interleukin-6, CD4+ T-cells and C-reactive protein.

Method: The study involved 200 subjects grouped according to their HIV and diabetes status: Group 1 'Diabetic HIV seropositive' (n=40), Group 2 'Non diabetic HIV seropositive'(n=60), Group 3 'Diabetic HIV seronegative'(n=50), and Group 4 'Control non diabetic HIV seronegative'(n=50).

Comparison of the levels of some hemostatic and inflammatory markers between tuberculosis patients with and without malaria at pretreatment, intensive, and continuation phase treatment.

Background: Tuberculosis and malaria (TB/MP) co-infection generates severe pathology that affects the levels of cytokines and hemostatic parameters than either disease. Anti-TB treatment regimen involves phases of different drug cocktails that may additionally modulate the levels of inflammatory cytokines and hemostatic parameters. This study investigated the variations in the levels of hemostatic and inflammatory markers when compared between TB patients with and without malaria at pretreatment, intensive, and continuation phase treatment.

Immunoinformatics and Vaccine Development: An Overview.

The use of vaccines have resulted in a remarkable improvement in global health. It has saved several lives, reduced treatment costs and raised the quality of animal and human lives. Current traditional vaccines came empirically with either vague or completely no knowledge of how they modulate our immune system.

Variations in the leukocyte and cytokine profiles between placental and maternal circulation in pregnancy-associated malaria.

Background: Activation of immune cells by malaria infection induces the secretion of cytokines and the synthesis of other inflammatory mediators. This study compared the cytokine levels and leukocyte count between malaria-infected peripheral and placental blood of pregnant women before delivery and postpartum. The cytokines assessed include interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10).

PERIPHERAL PARASITAEMIA AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PLASMA CYTOKINES LEVELS IN MALARIA-INFECTED PREGNANT WOMEN IN ABA, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA.

Background: Cytokines in pregnant female may not be a normal phenomenon as malarial infection is often associated with strong CD4+ cell activation and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We investigated the relationship between peripheral parasitaemia and plasma levels of cytokines among malaria infected pregnant women in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: A total of 206 non-HIV positive asymptomatic malaria parasitaemic (n=144) and non-parasitaemic (n=62) pregnant women were recruited for this study alongside 80 non-pregnant women who served as positive (n=40) and negative (n=40) controls.