How does it end? Endpoints of boundaries lead to completion in macro-events.

While watching someone kicking a ball, missing moments of ball contact can be incorrectly identified as seen if the event is continued in a causal manner (i.e., the ball flying off).

Predictive alternating runs and random task-switching sequences produce dissociative switch costs in the Consonant-Vowel/Odd-Even task.

Task-switching is commonly used to investigate working memory and attentional control processes. The current study compares predictive versus non-predictive task-sequencing effects on task-switching performance. Participants completed four blocks of the Consonant-Vowel/Odd-Even (CVOE) task: Two single task pure blocks, a predictable switch block where task switching occurred every two trials, and a random switch block where switching was unpredictable.

Pay-to-Play: The Rising Cost of Subspecialty Conference Attendance for Surgical Residents.

Objective: Surgical society conferences play a vital role in academic medicine, offering exposure to subspecialties, networking, and research presentation opportunities for surgical residents. However, the rising costs of attendance pose financial challenges, potentially deterring participation. We aimed to assess changes in conference costs, travel policies, and expenses for general surgery residents in North Carolina (NC) and South Carolina (SC) general surgery residency programs.

Affordance norms for 2825 concrete nouns.

Objects are commonly described based on their relations to other objects (e.g., associations, semantic similarity, etc.

Singing Does Not Necessarily Improve Memory More Than Reading Aloud.

The refers to the finding that words read aloud are better remembered than words read silently. This finding is typically attributed to the presence of additional sensorimotor features appended to the memory trace by the act of reading aloud, which are not present for items read silently. Supporting this perspective, the production effect tends to be larger for singing (the ) than reading aloud, possibly due to the inclusion of further sensorimotor features (e.