Corticosteroid response predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia status at 36 weeks in preterm infants treated with dexamethasone: A pilot study.

Importance: A major barrier to therapeutic development in neonates is a lack of standardized drug response measures that can be used as clinical trial endpoints. The ability to quantify treatment response in a way that aligns with relevant downstream outcomes may be useful as a surrogate marker for new therapies, such as those for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Objective: To construct a measure of clinical response to dexamethasone that was well aligned with the incidence of severe BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in growth restricted convalescent preterm neonates: clinical characteristics and impediments to early diagnosis.

Objectives: Describe clinical characteristics, course, and risk factors for hyper-insulinemic hypoglycemia (HIH) in preterm infants and identify impediments to early diagnosis.

Methods: Electronic records of infant-mother dyads were used to describe clinical characteristics, lab parameters, and course of HIH.

Results: All eight patients (gestational ages 26w0d-29w3d) had intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) due to placental insufficiency, (4/8) were small for gestational age.

Delta-like 4 is required for pulmonary vascular arborization and alveolarization in the developing lung.

The molecular mechanisms by which endothelial cells (ECs) regulate pulmonary vascularization and contribute to alveolar epithelial cell development during lung morphogenesis remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that delta-like 4 (DLL4), an EC Notch ligand, is critical for alveolarization by combining lung mapping and functional studies in human tissue and DLL4-haploinsufficient mice (Dll4+/lacz). DLL4 expressed in a PECAM-restricted manner in capillaries, arteries, and the alveolar septum from the canalicular to alveolar stage in mice and humans.

Timing of postnatal corticosteroid treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and its effect on outcomes.

Objective: To determine the association of timing of steroid therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of preterm infants treated with low-dose dexamethasone for BPD. Infants treated with steroids at day of life (DOL) 14-28 (moderately late group) were compared to infants treated at DOL 29-42 (delayed group).

Clinical Outcomes among Diagnostic Subgroups of Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia through 2 Years of Age.

Objective: This article aimed to identify readmission risk factors through 2 years of life for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who do not require tracheostomy and ventilatory support after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. It also aimed to identify if clinical differences exist between the subcategories of severe BPD.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 182 infants with severe BPD born between 2010 and 2015.