Synthesis of Boronate-Based Benzo[fg]tetracene and Benzo[hi]hexacene via Demethylative Direct Borylation.

A demethylative direct borylation is reported, which was applied to the synthesis of benzo[fg]tetracenes containing boronate ester, amide, and thioester substructures. Depending on the heteroatom adjacent to boron, the molecules showed characteristic photophysical properties, molecular arrangements, and chemical stabilities. The key to the successful synthesis is the appropriate choice of the boron source and Brønsted base.

Study on health hazards through medicines purchased on the Internet: a cross-sectional investigation of the quality of anti-obesity medicines containing crude drugs as active ingredients.

Background: Weight-loss medicines, including crude drugs and herbal supplements disguised as diet-aid products, are readily obtainable and distributed widely, especially in Southeast Asia. Even if such products are unapproved or prescription-only medicines, consumers can purchase them through an agency or directly on the Internet. We evaluated the quality and safety of herbal products purchased on the Internet to reveal their influence on public health.

A model-based analysis of a simplified beam-specific dose output in proton therapy with a single-ring wobbling system.

In radiation therapy, it is necessary to preset a monitor unit in an irradiation control system to deliver a prescribed absolute dose to a reference point in the planning target volume. The purpose of this study was to develop a model-based monitor unit calculation method for proton-beam therapy with a single-ring wobbling system. The absorbed dose at a calibration point per monitor unit had been measured for each beam-specific measurement condition without a patient-specific collimator or range compensator before proton therapeutic irradiation at Shizuoka Cancer Center.

A revision of proton machine quality assurance for wobbled-proton-beam therapy.

Periodic checks for proton machine quality assurance (QA) are significant for machine users safely and accurately to provide proton-beam treatment for cancer. Our aim in this study was to describe a revision to proton machine QA procedures for wobbled-proton-beam therapy at the Shizuoka Cancer Center (SCC) in Japan. The previous daily, monthly, and annual QA procedures were determined by reference to our past operational experience and to QA papers for medical accelerators.

Residual motion and duty time in respiratory gating radiotherapy using individualized or population-based windows.

Purpose: The efficiency and precision of respiratory gated radiation therapy for tumors is affected by variations in respiration-induced tumor motion. We evaluated the use of individualized and population-based parameters for such treatment.

Methods And Materials: External respiratory signal records and images of respiration-induced tumor motion were obtained from 42 patients undergoing respiratory gated radiation therapy for liver tumors.