The need for new control strategies for particulate matter in parenterals.

An undesirable characteristic in lyophilized parenteral products is the potential presence of particulate matter in the final product, which may affect patient safety. In this study, quality risk management tools described in the International Conference on Harmonization Guideline Q9 were used to estimate the risks for a pharmaceutical manufacturing line, based on three critical quality attributes: (1) visible particulate matter; (2) lyo-cake collapse traces; and (3) lyo-cake melt-back traces. Together with a Process Failure Mode Effect Analysis (PFMEA), an input-output analysis of the individual unit operations identified seven major material classes of extrinsic particulate matter.

[Risk Factors for Early Surgery and Surgical Complications in Crohn's Disease].

Background: In recent decades, developments in drug therapy have significantly postponed the need for surgery. Nevertheless, the majority of patients with Crohn's disease still require one or more surgical interventions during the course of their disease. An analysis of epidemiological data as well as the surgical results of our own patients should help to identify risk factors for early surgery, re-operations and perioperative complications.

Changing attitudes towards online electronic health records and online patient documentation in rheumatology outpatients.

Objectives: The Internet supports interactive patient assessments, online documentation and access to online electronic health records (EHRs), but little is known about the acceptance of these features and trends in rheumatology patients. Therefore, we studied patients' attitudes and willingness to participate in online patient (self-)documentation.

Methods: We interviewed 153 consecutive outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or spondyloarthritis using a paperbased self-administered questionnaire.

SPA1 and DET1 act together to control photomorphogenesis throughout plant development.

The COP1/SPA complex and DET1 function to suppress photomorphogenesis in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Additionally, they inhibit flowering under non-inductive short-day conditions. The COP1/SPA complex and DET1, as part of the CDD complex, represent distinct high-molecular-weight complexes in Arabidopsis.

Internet use in rheumatology outpatients in 2006: gender less important.

Objective: Exploring patients' Internet use, their online needs and requirements, expectations and attitudes towards the Internet is mandatory to effectively provide interactive online applications and information.

Methods: Within a prospective study, 153 consecutive outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus or spondyloarthritis answered a paper-based questionnaire investigating their Internet use, interests, pattern and degree of utilization. Sociodemographic and functional disability data were collected.