Current state and future prospects of spatial biology in colorectal cancer.

Over the past century, colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most devastating cancers impacting the human population. To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving this solid tumor, researchers have increasingly turned their attention to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Spatial transcriptomics and proteomics have emerged as a particularly powerful technology for deciphering the complexity of CRC tumors, given that the TME and its spatial organization are critical determinants of disease progression and treatment response.

SUMOylation of Bonus, the homolog of Transcription Intermediary Factor 1, safeguards germline identity by recruiting repressive chromatin complexes to silence tissue-specific genes.

The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. Unlike mammals that have four TIF1 members, only encodes one member of the family, Bonus. Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood.

SUMOylation of Bonus, the homolog of Transcription Intermediary Factor 1, safeguards germline identity by recruiting repressive chromatin complexes to silence tissue-specific genes.

The conserved family of Transcription Intermediary Factors (TIF1) proteins consists of key transcriptional regulators that control transcription of target genes by modulating chromatin state. Unlike mammals that have four TIF1 members, only encodes one member of the family, Bonus. Bonus has been implicated in embryonic development and organogenesis and shown to regulate several signaling pathways, however, its targets and mechanism of action remained poorly understood.

Pervasive SUMOylation of heterochromatin and piRNA pathway proteins.

Genome regulation involves complex protein interactions that are often mediated through post-translational modifications (PTMs). SUMOylation-modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-has been implicated in numerous essential processes in eukaryotes. In , SUMO is required for viability and fertility, with its depletion from ovaries leading to heterochromatin loss and ectopic transposon and gene activation.