Asymptomatic infection and antibody prevalence to co-occurring avian influenza viruses vary substantially between sympatric seabird species following H5N1 outbreaks.

Emerging infectious diseases are of major concern to animal and human health. Recent emergence of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (H5N1 clade 2.3.

Pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for pain control in outpatient hysteroscopy: A systematic review.

Background: Outpatient hysteroscopy (OPH) is an important diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in gynaecology. However, the most common reason for failure is pain. Currently, there is no consensus regarding analgesia for OPH amongst the literature.

A retrospective feedback analysis of objective structured clinical examination performance of undergraduate medical students.

Introduction: Feedback is an essential component of medical education, enhancing the quality of students' knowledge and skills. However, providing effective feedback, particularly in clinical skills assessments like Objective Structured Clinical Examinations [OSCEs], often poses challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the content of OSCE feedback given to undergraduate medical students over five years.

Diminished placental Factor XIIIA1 expression associates with pre-conception antiretroviral treatment and preterm birth in pregnant people living with HIV.

We previously showed a link between maternal vascular malperfusion and pre-term birth (PTB) in pregnant people living with HIV (PPLH) initiating antiretroviral treatment (ART) before pregnancy, indicating poor placental vascularisation. After measuring antenatal plasma angiogenic factors to seek mechanistic insights, low levels of plasma Factor XIIIA1 (FXIIIA1) and vascular-endothelial-growth-factor (VEGF) was significantly associated with PTB at the time closest to delivery (median 34 weeks) in PPLH initiating ART before pregnancy. Knowing that FXIIIA1 is crucial for haemostasis, angiogenesis, implantation and pregnancy maintenance and that expression is found on placental macrophages (Hofbauer cells), we examined placentae at delivery from matching participants who either initiating ART before pregnancy or during gestation.