Effects of Anesthetic Choice on the Incidence of Transcranial-Motor Potential-Induced Oral Trauma.

Transcranial motor-evoked potentials (TcMEPs) play an integral role in assessing motor tract function in surgical procedures where motor function is at risk. However, transcranial stimulation creates a risk for oral trauma. Several studies have reported on distinct factors that can influence the rate of TcMEP-induced oral trauma, but little is known about how an anesthetic regimen can influence this rate.

Environmental assessment of heavy metal pollutants in soils and water from Ortum, Kenya.

Analysis of elemental concentration in soil and water was carried out in Ortum to ensure safe utilization of soil and water resources for agriculture, industrial, and household purposes. Elemental analysis of soil and water was done using the EDXRF spectrometer and the inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. A total of 59 soil samples from different locations and depth and 10 water samples were collected from Ortum using purposive sampling method.

Verbal autopsy can consistently measure AIDS mortality: a validation study in Tanzania and Zimbabwe.

Background: Verbal autopsy is currently the only option for obtaining cause of death information in most populations with a widespread HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Methods: With the use of a data-driven algorithm, a set of criteria for classifying AIDS mortality was trained. Data from two longitudinal community studies in Tanzania and Zimbabwe were used, both of which have collected information on the HIV status of the population over a prolonged period and maintained a demographic surveillance system that collects information on cause of death through verbal autopsy.

Separation of spouses due to travel and living apart raises HIV risk in Tanzanian couples.

Background: Persons with absent partners may be more vulnerable to risky sexual behavior and therefore HIV. Partner absence can be due to traveling (e.g.

Survival after HIV infection in the pre-antiretroviral therapy era in a rural Tanzanian cohort.

Background: Survival patterns after HIV infection in African populations in the era before antiretroviral therapy (ART) form an important baseline for measuring future successes of treatment programmes. Few studies have followed seroconverters for 10 or more years to describe such patterns.

Methods: The Kisesa open cohort study conducted four rounds of village-based HIV testing and 20 rounds of household-based demographic surveillance between 1994 and 2006.