Does time to operating room affect outcomes after pediatric blunt hollow viscus injury? A Trauma Quality Improvement Program analysis.

Background: Blunt hollow viscus injuries (HVIs) are relatively rare and difficult to diagnose. Whether a delay in operative intervention impacts outcomes for pediatric patients with blunt HVI has not been investigated via analysis of multicenter databases.

Methods: We queried the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database from 2016 to 2020 for patients younger than 18 years who underwent an operation of the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, or rectum within 72 hours of emergency department arrival after blunt injury.

The impact of the early environment on oxytocin receptor epigenetics and potential therapeutic implications.

Oxytocin research is rapidly evolving and increasingly reveals that epigenetic modifications to the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) are functional, plastic, and reliable components of oxytocinergic system function. This review outlines how OXTR epigenetics are shaped by the early life environment, impact social-developmental outcomes, and have strong potential to serve as therapeutic targets. We first establish the malleability of OXTR epigenetics in infancy in both animal models and humans through research demonstrating the impact of the early life environment on OXTR DNA methylation (OXTRm) and subsequent social behavior.

Two-year trajectories of anhedonia in adolescents at transdiagnostic risk for severe mental illness: Association with clinical symptoms and brain-symptom links.

Anhedonia emerges during adolescence and is characteristic of severe mental illness (SMI). To understand how anhedonia emerges, changes with time, and relates with other symptoms, there is a need to understand patterns of this symptom's course reflecting change or stability-and associations with clinical symptoms and neural reward circuitry in adolescents at risk of SMI. In total, 113 adolescents at low or high familial risk of developing SMI completed clinical measures at up to five time points across 2 years and functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during a guessing reward task at baseline.

Insomnia treatment effects on negative emotionality among veterans in treatment for alcohol use disorder.

Background: Insomnia symptoms are pervasive and persistent in alcohol use disorder (AUD), though little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this association. We previously found that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) reduced alcohol-related problems among veterans by improving insomnia severity (NCT03806491). In this planned secondary analysis of the same clinical trial data, we tested negative emotionality as one potential mechanism to explain this effect.