Atypical Atrial Flutter: Electrophysiological Characterization and Effective Catheter Ablation.

Atrial flutter (AFL), defined as macro-re-entrant atrial tachycardia, is associated with debilitating symptoms, stroke, heart failure, and increased mortality. AFL is classified into typical, or cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent, and atypical, or non-CTI-dependent. Atypical AFL is a heterogenous group of re-entrant atrial tachycardias that most commonly occur in patients with prior heart surgery or catheter ablation.

Typical Atrial Flutter: A Practical Review.

Typical atrial flutter (AFL), defined as cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent macro-re-entrant atrial tachycardia, often causes debilitating symptoms, and is associated with increased incidence of atrial fibrillation, stroke, heart failure, and death. Typical AFL occurs in patients with atrial remodeling and shares risk factors with atrial fibrillation. It is also common in patients with a history of prior heart surgery or catheter ablation.

[Management of new onset atrial fibrillation during acute medical illness].

New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) occurring during acute medical illness or post-operatively has long been considered a benign phenomenon, and its recurrence risk was deemed low. However, recent data suggest a high risk of AF recurrence, and a thromboembolic risk similar to the risk associated with AF occurring without a provoking factor. As we lack interventional data, there are currently no guidelines on the long-term management of new-onset AF occurring during an acute medical condition.

Anatomical and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Dual-Loop Re-Entry in Atypical Atrial Flutter: Implications for Mapping and Catheter Ablation.

Atypical atrial flutter (AFL) can be challenging to ablate, especially when involving dual-loop re-entry. We sought to assess the electroanatomical characteristics of single- and dual-loop AFLs in patients undergoing catheter ablation. We analyzed 25 non-cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent macro-re-entrant AFL in 19 consecutive patients.

Fabry disease: development and progression of left ventricular hypertrophy despite long-term enzyme replacement therapy.

Background: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) may halt or attenuate disease progression in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD). However, whether left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can be prevented by early therapy or may still progress despite ERT over a long-term follow-up is still unclear.

Methods: Consecutive patients with AFD from the Independent Swiss-Fabry Cohort receiving ERT who were at least followed up for 5 years were included.