The evolution of cooperation in the unidirectional division of labour on a tree network.

Division of labour on complex networks is rarely investigated using evolutionary game theory. We investigate a division of labour where divided roles are assigned to groups on the nodes of a general unidirectional finite tree graph network. From the network's original node, a task flows and is divided along the branches.

The evolution of cooperation in the unidirectional linear division of labour of finite roles.

Evolution of cooperation is a puzzle in evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous studies assumed that players are equal and have symmetric relationships. In our society, players are in different roles, have an asymmetric relationship and cooperate together.

Heuristics Facilitates the Evolution of Transitive Inference and Social Hierarchy in a Large Group.

Transitive inference (TI) refers to social cognition that facilitates the discernment of unknown relationships between individuals using known relationships. It is extensively reported that TI evolves in animals living in a large group because TI could assess relative rank without deducing all dyadic relationships, which averts costly fights. The relationships in a large group become so complex that social cognition may not be developed adequately to handle such complexity.

Significant Correlates of Nocturnal Hypertension in Patients With Hypertension Who Are Treated With Antihypertensive Drugs.

Background: Nocturnal hypertension assessed by a home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) device is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, it is still difficult to assess nighttime blood pressure (BP) frequently. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to identify significant correlates of nocturnal hypertension assessed by an HBPM device in patients with hypertension who are treated with antihypertensive drugs.